Charcoal of Cy by his mother. (Billie x George)
What to Expect During Your Puppy's First Year
(text is drawn from the AKC)
Understanding a puppy's stages of development during the first 12 months can help you create a stronger, richer relationship with your new companion.
It is never too early to begin training your puppy; the training simply needs to focus on skills appropriate to his age, beginning with toilet training, nipping and chewing. This article addresses what to expect during the first year and provides tips for socialization, housebreaking and other general information.
Birth-7 Weeks
Puppies develop very quickly during their first weeks. Born with minimal senses intact, puppies can begin to see, hear and smell at around five weeks. Using their newly developed senses, they become aware of their environment and begin to interact with their mother, littermates and people. They also begin to wean, and thanks to newly erupted teeth, eat solid food.
At about six weeks, puppies become intensely curious, which is how they get about the world. Interacting and playing with their littermates enables pups to grow, and to sometimes lead and sometimes follow.
Ages 7-9 Weeks
Most puppies are brought home at around eight weeks. To prepare for the addition of your new pup. be sure to "puppy-proof" your home so your curious canine can't hurt himself during his explorations. Keep him away from household dangers such as electrical wires and outlets, plants, pools, balconies and open doors. A great way to protect your puppy from getting into dangerous situations when you can't watch him is by introducing him to a crate.
A crate is a smart tool that helps in housebreaking and helps keep him safe. Most dogs love the security of a crate. Because they are descended from animals that live in dens. A crate is a natural shelter for a dog because it has the same characteristics of a den. Your pup will see it as a safe haven. Gently introduce him to the crate by placing it where the family is most active. Line the crate with a soft towel, then put his food, treats and toys inside while leaving the door open to make him understand that this is his special place.
Be cautious of socializing your pup outside your home until he has been vaccinated, otherwise he may be susceptible to catching potentially fatal diseases. In most cases, puppies should have three sets of vaccines during their first year. A nursing pup receives antibodies from his mother's milk that protect him from viruses and diseases. These antibodies begin to dissipate at around seven weeks, leaving the pup (weaned at about five weeks) vulnerable to disease.
Walk your pup on different surfaces (carpet, grass, roadways). Take him for frequent outings. Play games and then pet him quietly when he has settled down after a romp. Introduce him slowly to all types of appropriate interactions with people, animals, and new sights, sounds and smells.
At some time during these weeks, your once bold puppy may become cautious. If he reacts in fear to loud sounds, new surfaces, or sudden noises, walk your puppy on different surfaces and in different places. Don't overreact. Continue to gently introduce him to new situations. Avoid becoming overly protective or isolating the pup. Rather, choose activities that can be controlled. Taking small steps as you expose him to new experiences. Your pup will eventually return to his confident self.
Ages 9-12 Weeks
Your puppy can increasingly comprehend basic education. such as housebreaking, leash training, and knowing his name. Such interactions teach him canine manners and which behaviors are appropriate for which times. Reinforcing the pup's desire to play with you helps him to see you and your family as his family replacing his mother and littermates.
Housebreaking is a major hurdle for most puppy owners. Remember. prevention and patience are key. Give your pup ample opportunities to toilet outdoors so he doesn't get into the habit of toileting indoors. A general rule of thumb in housebreaking is to take him outside any time he eats or drinks.
During the ages of 13-16 weeks, it is important to provide your puppy with appropriate activities. Some suitable activities for this age range include:
1. Playtime: Engage in vigorous play sessions with your puppy to help burn off excess energy. This can include games like fetch, tug-of-war, or hide-and-seek.
2. Naptime: After a play session, your puppy may need a nap to rest and recharge. Provide a comfortable and quiet space for them to relax.
3. Mealtime: After eating or drinking, your puppy may become more active. Use this opportunity to engage in training sessions or interactive play with toys.
4. Exciting events: When there is an exciting event, such as someone visiting your home, involve your puppy in a controlled and supervised manner. This can help them learn how to behave in social situations.
During the ages of 16-24 weeks, it is important to be mindful of your puppy's growth and hormonal changes. Some suitable activities for this age range include:
1. Controlled exercise: While it is important to provide exercise for your puppy, be cautious not to overdo it, especially in larger dog breeds. Their developing bones and muscles are not yet ready for excessive strain. Consult with your veterinarian to determine the appropriate amount and type of exercise for your puppy.
During the ages of 6-12 months, your puppy enters adolescence and may exhibit increased energy and curiosity. Some suitable activities for this age range include:
1. Agility training: Consider introducing your puppy to agility training, which can help channel their energy and provide mental stimulation. This can include activities like jumping over hurdles, navigating through tunnels, and weaving through poles.
2. Socialization: Continue to expose your puppy to different people and dogs in controlled environments, such as parks or walking trails. This helps them develop good social skills and become comfortable in various situations.
3. Obedience training: Maintain consistent guidance and training for your adolescent puppy. This will help reinforce good behavior and ensure they grow into a well-behaved adult dog.
Remember to provide lots of affection and love throughout all stages of your puppy's development. This will help strengthen the bond between you and ensure a happy and fulfilling companionship for years to come.
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